Contents
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Between Consuls and Superintendents Between Consuls and Superintendents
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Restraining the Consuls Restraining the Consuls
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Sidelining the Superintendents Sidelining the Superintendents
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Bureaucratization: Forms, Registers, and Correspondences Bureaucratization: Forms, Registers, and Correspondences
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IG Circulars IG Circulars
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Dispatches Dispatches
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Semiofficial Correspondence Semiofficial Correspondence
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Forms Forms
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Going Offshore: the Marine Department Going Offshore: the Marine Department
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Centralizing Impulses Centralizing Impulses
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Lighting the China Coast Lighting the China Coast
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Lighthouses as Symbols Lighthouses as Symbols
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Other Initiatives Other Initiatives
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Recruitment and Behavior: “Smart, Good Looking, and Lusty Lads” Recruitment and Behavior: “Smart, Good Looking, and Lusty Lads”
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Attitudes Attitudes
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter examines how Robert Hart built up the Service in the decade after he became Inspector General. Hart made the Customs Service into a disciplined frontier regime, exploiting the spaces between the Qing Empire and the expanding European empires, the chaotic conditions that resulted from China's mid-nineteenth-century rebellions, and opportunities created by the introduction of new trade systems and navigational technologies. Hart turned the Service into a widely respected organization, involved in taxation as well as diplomacy, finance, scholarship, meteorology, and the management of China's maritime sphere. A good example of the Service's ability to take hold of new functions was its construction of lighthouses along the Chinese coast. Lighthouses were important to the transport revolution of the second half of the nineteenth century, but they were also symbols of modern engineering and management with complex political and cultural meanings.
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