Contents
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Initial Forays Initial Forays
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The Second Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research Association The Second Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research Association
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Knox’s Scientific American Article Knox’s Scientific American Article
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At the Psychiatric Institute At the Psychiatric Institute
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Marketing the Ellis Island Tests Marketing the Ellis Island Tests
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The Manual of the Mental Examination of Aliens The Manual of the Mental Examination of Aliens
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7 Popularizing the Work at Ellis Island
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Published:November 2011
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the performance tests developed by Howard Andrew Knox and his colleagues and administered to mentally deficient emigrants at Ellis Island in New York, and how they brought such tests to the attention of a much wider audience. Prodded by the office of the surgeon general, Knox and his colleagues began to popularize their work through articles in newspapers and magazines, presentations at conferences and to local medical associations, and through a manual for the mental examination of emigrants. In one event where he was speaker, Knox described the procedures being used at Ellis Island and emphasized the need for the physicians to be absolutely certain in their diagnoses of mental deficiency. In May 1914, he submitted a paper for presentation at the second annual meeting of the Eugenics Research Association. He also wrote a paper entitled “A Broader View of Mental Deficiency in Aliens,” published in the New York Medical Journal in October 1915, while he was temporarily detailed to work as an assistant physician at the Psychiatric Institute of the New York State Hospitals.
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