Encounter Magazine and the Twilight of Modernism
Encounter Magazine and the Twilight of Modernism
This chapter provides a history of Encounter, the English-language magazine of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF). Although the CCF, a Paris-based nongovernmental cultural-freedom organization, is notorious for the CIA's secret role in its creation and funding, the chapter focuses on Encounter's portrait of modernism as a spent force, a fading monument, but one unquestionably greater than the petty, belated artistic, and literary movements of the 1950s. Encounter survived—thrived, even—for several decades and became one of the most influential and respected cultural journals in the Anglo-American world. It contributed to the Cold War modernist project through the links it forged between artistic modernism, intellectual freedom, and anticommunism among members of the Anglo-American literary and cultural establishment.
Keywords: modernism, Cold War, Encounter, magazines, Congress for Cultural Freedom, CCF, CIA, cultural freedom, non-government organization
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