A Heterogeneous and Still-Evolving Epidemic
A Heterogeneous and Still-Evolving Epidemic
This chapter begins with a discussion of the emergence and rapid global spread of AIDS. In 2013, 1.5 million people died of AIDS despite the existence of antiretrovirals. The majority of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS is the leading cause of death in about half the countries. In Europe and the United States twenty-seven thousand people died from AIDS in 2013, most of whom could have been saved if they had had access to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The remainder of the chapter covers how the number of people infected with HIV is estimated; generalized and concentrated epidemics; the diversification of epidemics; the factors that determine the spread HIV; and the achievements made in the global response to AIDS.
Keywords: AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa, HIV infection, HIV deaths, AIDS epidemics, disease spread, risk factors
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