- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
-
Introduction A New Approach to Wine Tasting -
Part I Fluid Dynamics of Wine Tasting -
Chapter One Sip and Saliva -
Chapter Two The Tongue -
Chapter Three Respiration and Wine Aromas -
Chapter Four The Pathway for Retronasal Airflow -
Chapter Five Swallow, Aroma Burst, and Finish -
Part II How Sensory Systems Create the Taste of Wine -
Chapter Six Sight -
Chapter Seven Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Eight Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Nine Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Ten Touch and the Mouthfeel of Wine -
Chapter Eleven Taste Modalities and Wine Tasting -
Chapter Twelve Creating Taste Perception -
Chapter Thirteen Retronasal Smell -
Chapter Fourteen Retronasal Smell -
Chapter Fifteen Retronasal Smell -
Part III How Central Brain Systems Create the Pleasure of the Taste of Wine -
Chapter Sixteen Wine Tasting, Gender, and Aging -
Chapter Seventeen Memory and Wine Tasting -
Chapter Eighteen The Language of Wine Tasting -
Chapter Nineteen Pleasure -
Chapter Twenty Practical Applications of Neuroenology to the Pleasure of Wine Tasting -
Appendix A Wine-Tasting Tutorial with Jean-Claude Berrouet - Bibliography
- Index
Retronasal Smell
Retronasal Smell
Creating the Multisensory Wine Flavor
- Chapter:
- (p.135) Chapter Fifteen Retronasal Smell
- Source:
- Neuroenology
- Author(s):
Gordon M. Shepherd
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
Wine taste in the end is a multisensory flavor. We describe in more detail how even in the olfactory cortex there begin to be interconnections and interactions between taste and smell. When ingesting wine the aroma comes first followed by the taste from the taste buds; during consumption the two act almost simultaneously, thus giving contrasting effects that can be used by the wine taster for deeper analysis. Weak components below consciousness by themselves can be enhanced by interacting with other molecules to be above consciousness. Finally, current research is finding that retronasal and orthonasal smell activate some different brain regions, suggesting that smell really is a dual sense, with each giving different clues to the identity of a wine taste.
Keywords: orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, multimodal perception, flavor enhancement, content addressable memory, congruent stimuli, subthreshold enhancement, cross modality summation
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Preface
-
Introduction A New Approach to Wine Tasting -
Part I Fluid Dynamics of Wine Tasting -
Chapter One Sip and Saliva -
Chapter Two The Tongue -
Chapter Three Respiration and Wine Aromas -
Chapter Four The Pathway for Retronasal Airflow -
Chapter Five Swallow, Aroma Burst, and Finish -
Part II How Sensory Systems Create the Taste of Wine -
Chapter Six Sight -
Chapter Seven Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Eight Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Nine Orthonasal Smell -
Chapter Ten Touch and the Mouthfeel of Wine -
Chapter Eleven Taste Modalities and Wine Tasting -
Chapter Twelve Creating Taste Perception -
Chapter Thirteen Retronasal Smell -
Chapter Fourteen Retronasal Smell -
Chapter Fifteen Retronasal Smell -
Part III How Central Brain Systems Create the Pleasure of the Taste of Wine -
Chapter Sixteen Wine Tasting, Gender, and Aging -
Chapter Seventeen Memory and Wine Tasting -
Chapter Eighteen The Language of Wine Tasting -
Chapter Nineteen Pleasure -
Chapter Twenty Practical Applications of Neuroenology to the Pleasure of Wine Tasting -
Appendix A Wine-Tasting Tutorial with Jean-Claude Berrouet - Bibliography
- Index
